ABSTRACT
Myxedema is the cause of ascites in less than 1 per cent of new-onset ascites cases, where as only 4 per cent of patients with hypothyroidism present ascites. When ascites is the first manifestation of thyroid insufficiency, there is usually a delay in diagnosis. We report here a case of myxedema ascites occuring in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, that was first thought to be the cause of the ascites, and review the features of 48 cases previously reported. Some clinic and analytical findings that have been commonly reported, are the prompt response (with resolution of ascites) to thyroid replacement treatment, a high total protein concentration in ascitec fluid, white moderate white blood cell counts and a lymphocyte predominance. Serum-ascites albumin gradient has been postulated to be high in myxedema ascites, but we believe this has been studied in too few cases thus far, to be conclusive.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ascites/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/complications , Myxedema/complications , Ascites/drug therapy , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Myxedema/diagnosis , Myxedema/drug therapy , Thyroxine/therapeutic useSubject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/physiopathology , Peliosis Hepatis/diagnosis , Peliosis Hepatis/etiology , Peliosis Hepatis/pathology , Peliosis Hepatis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Hepatic , Flaviviridae , Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis D , Hepatitis E , Hepatitis/etiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this trial was to investigate if a more prolonged course of interferon (IFN) is able to increase the long-term benefit in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty-four patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibodies to HCV were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alfa 2b 3 MU t.i.w. during 24 weeks (group I, n 23) or during 48 weeks (group II, n 21). In the evaluation of results, complete response was considered when the ALT values returned to normality during the treatment; and sustained response, when the ALT values persisted below normal range during at least 6 months post therapy. Histologic changes were compared by using the Histological Activity Index, or Knodell score. Viremia status was evaluated for the study of HCV RNA (by nested-RT-PCR). Results: There were no significant differences between boths groups before treatment, in terms of age, sex, ALT, or histologic findings (11 patients in group I, and 7 in group II had cirrhosis). Complete response was found in 9 patients (39.1 per cent) from group I; in 11 (52.4 per cent) from group II (NS). Basal histologic findings were identified as the only predictive factor of complete and sustained response, by logistic regresion analysis. Considering only noncirrhotic patients, complete response was seen in 58.3 per cent in patients from group I, 71.4 per cent in group II. Sustained response was obtained in 4 patients from group I, (17.4 per cent), 7 from group II (33.3 per cent) (NS). Post IFN liver biopsies were performed in 23 patients (12 from group I, 11 from group II). In group I patients, there were no significant changes. In group II, Knodell score was found to be significantly decreased post IFN (pre IFN, median 10, range 3-15; post IFN, median 6, range 2-14) (p<0.05). HCR RNA was absent in serum during the follow-up post IFN in 2 patients from group I, in 3 from group II. The results of this study show that a 48 weeks course of IFN has a trend to achieve a higher sustained response than the usual regime (but non significant); and it produces a decrease in the histologic activity. The best predicitve factor of positive response was the absence of cirrhosis in our study (although we did not evaluate viral factors, such as genotypes or HCV viremia levels).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis C/therapy , Injections, Subcutaneous , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Chronic Disease , Hepatitis C/pathology , Hepatitis C/virology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
El (5MI) es un dilatador venoso preferencial del que se ha mostrado que disminuye la presión venosa portal, en estudios hemodinámicos a corto y largo plazo, y ésto no está asociado con efectos adversos sobre la perfusión hepática. El objetivo de este ensayo fué investigar la eficacia y seguridad del 5MI en la prevención de la hemorragia gastrointestinal alta, en pacientes cirróticos. Cuarenta y dos pacientes cirróticos con várices esofágicas F2 y F3 con "signos rojos", que nunca habian sangrado fueron incluidos y asignados al azar para recibir sea 5Ml (grupo I, n23), o placebo (grupo P, n19). Fueron excluidos los pacientes con hepatocarcinoma o complicaciones potencialmente letales en el corto plazo, o que estuvieran recibiendo drogas tales como esteroides o interfern. Los puntos finales de este estudio fueron hemorragia y muerte. No había diferencias significativas entre los grupos en lo concerniente a datos bajales de clínica y laboratorio. El tiempo medio ñ SD de seguimiento fue de 49 ñ 36 y 43 ñ 25 semanas respectivamente, en los grupos I y P. El porciento de pacientes libres de hemorragia 61 semanas después de la inclusión en el estudio fue 62,4 por ciento en el grupo I y 46,3 por ciento en el grupo P(NS). El porciento de pacientes que sobrevivian 85 semanas después de la inclusión fue 85,2 por ciento en el grupo I y 39,8 por ciento en el grupo P(MS). No hubo que suspender el tratamiento en ningún paciente por efectos colaterales. En conclusión, el 5MI es una droga segura para el tratamiento crónico de la hipertensión portal, que muestra tendencia a reducir el riesgo de sangrado y muerte en cirrosis con várices esofágicas grandes. Merece continuar siendo investigado en estudios controlados